Boat Laws in Minnesota (2026): What Changed This Year
Most boat owners in Minnesota woke up to new rules this year. Seriously. Between new education requirements and higher fees, 2026 brought some major updates. Let’s break down exactly what you need to know to stay legal on the water.
Minnesota has some of the strictest boat laws in the country now. The changes affect almost everyone, from first-time boaters to people who’ve been on the water for decades. The good news? Once you understand the basics, it’s actually pretty simple.
What Are Minnesota Boat Laws?
Minnesota boat laws cover everything about using watercraft in the state. These rules tell you what permits you need. They explain what safety gear to carry. They set speed limits and no-wake zones.
The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) manages these laws. Local law enforcement helps with enforcement too. U.S. Coast Guard patrols some waters as well.
These laws exist for one reason. They keep people safe on the water. Minnesota has over 10,000 lakes. With that many waterways, you need solid rules.
The New Boater Education Requirement
Here’s the big change for 2026. More people now need a watercraft operator’s permit.
Wondering if this applies to you? Starting July 1, 2026, you need a permit if you were born after June 30, 2000. That means anyone 26 years old or younger must have one now.
This is part of a rollout plan. In 2025, the requirement started for people born after June 30, 2004. Each year, it expands to older age groups. By 2028, almost all boaters will need permits.
The permit is basically a boating license. You get it by taking an online safety course. The course covers navigation rules, emergency procedures, and safe operation. Once you pass, you’re good for life.
Youth Operator Rules
Kids under 12 face special restrictions. They cannot operate personal watercraft at all. Ever. Not even with an adult on board.
For regular motorboats, kids under 12 can drive if the motor is under 75 horsepower. But an adult must be on the boat with them. The adult needs to be close enough to take over immediately.
Anyone between 12 and 21 must have a permit to operate any motorized boat. No exceptions.
Pretty straightforward.
Who Doesn’t Need a Permit?
Some people are exempt from this new rule. If you were born before July 1, 1987, you don’t need one.
If you have a U.S. Coast Guard license for maritime personnel, you’re exempt. Commercial boat operators with proper credentials don’t need the permit either.
Visitors from other states get a break too. If you’re only using Minnesota waters for 60 days or less, you don’t need a Minnesota permit. Your home state’s boating card works fine.
Canadian boaters with a Pleasure Craft Operator Card are also exempt. Same deal, 60 days or less.
How to Get Your Permit
The process is super easy. You take an online course through an approved provider. The Minnesota DNR website lists all approved courses.
The course takes a few hours to complete. You can do it on your phone, tablet, or computer. You can stop and start whenever you want.
At the end, you take a test. Pass the test, and you get your permit immediately. The whole thing usually takes one sitting if you focus.
The permit never expires. Once you have it, you’re done. No renewals, no updates, nothing.
New Boat Registration Fees for 2026
Hold on, this part is important. Minnesota raised boat registration fees starting January 1, 2026.
The increase comes from a new surcharge. The money goes toward fighting invasive species. Think zebra mussels, Eurasian watermilfoil, and starry stonewort.
Here’s how the new surcharge breaks down:
Personal watercraft and boats under 17 feet cost $25. Boats from 17 to 19 feet cost $29. Boats over 19 feet but under 26 feet cost $38. Boats from 26 to 40 feet cost $50. Boats over 40 feet cost $62.
These fees are on top of your regular registration fee. Not everyone pays immediately though. Boat registrations last three years. You only pay when your registration is due for renewal.
The surcharge might seem high. But invasive species cause millions in damage each year. Your fee helps protect Minnesota’s lakes for the future.
Registration Requirements
Minnesota requires registration for most boats. If it has a motor, you need to register it. Size doesn’t matter.
Non-motorized boats over 10 feet also need registration. This includes canoes, kayaks, and paddleboards. If it’s 10 feet or less and has no motor, you’re good to go.
You register boats at deputy registrar offices. These are the same places where you get car tabs. You can also mail your registration to the DNR.
Online registration works too. The DNR website has an online system. This is the easiest option for most people.
Registration is valid for three calendar years. You’ll get a renewal notice in the mail about two months before it expires.
What You Need to Register
For a new boat, bring the manufacturer’s statement of origin. If you bought a used boat, bring the title signed over to you. If the boat comes from a state without titles, a bill of sale works.
You need to know your boat’s length. Measure from the very front to the very back. Don’t include the motor bracket or other attachments.
You also need the hull identification number. This is like a VIN for cars. It’s usually stamped on the back right corner of the boat.
Bring proof you paid sales tax. If you can’t show a receipt, they’ll collect sales tax when you register.
Boating While Intoxicated Laws
Okay, pause. Read this carefully.
Minnesota treats boating while intoxicated (BWI) exactly like driving while intoxicated (DWI). Same penalties. Same consequences. Same criminal record.
The legal limit is 0.08% blood alcohol concentration. If you’re at or above that, you’re breaking the law. It doesn’t matter if you feel fine.
You’re not alone, this confuses a lot of people. Many assume drinking on a boat is totally fine. It is fine to have open containers on a boat. You can drink as a passenger. But the operator cannot be impaired.
BWI Penalties
First-time BWI is a fourth-degree offense. This is a misdemeanor. You face up to 90 days in jail. The fine can go up to $1,000.
But wait, it gets worse. You lose your driver’s license for at least 90 days. Not just your boat privileges. Your actual driver’s license.
If you have prior DWI or BWI convictions, penalties jump fast. A second offense within 10 years is third-degree BWI. That’s a gross misdemeanor. You’re looking at 48 hours to one year in jail. Fines go up to $3,000.
Third-degree BWI also happens if you refuse chemical testing and have one prior conviction. Minnesota has implied consent laws. When you operate a boat, you automatically consent to testing.
Two or more prior convictions make it second-degree BWI. Still a gross misdemeanor. Penalties range from 90 days to one year in jail. Fines stay at $3,000.
Three or more prior convictions in 10 years? That’s first-degree BWI. This is a felony. You face three to seven years in prison. Fines can reach $14,000.
The License Revocation Rule
This one’s tricky, honestly. When you get a BWI, you lose all motor vehicle privileges. Not just boats. Everything.
Your car license gets revoked. Your snowmobile privileges too. ATV privileges go as well. All of them, suspended for at least 90 days.
For boat privileges specifically, the 90 days must fall during boating season. That means May through October. They time it to hurt.
Open Container Differences
Here’s where boats differ from cars. In a car, you can’t have open alcohol containers. Period. It’s illegal even if you’re not drinking.
On a boat, open containers are totally legal. You can have beer coolers, wine bottles, whatever. Passengers can drink freely.
Just don’t operate the boat while impaired. That’s the line.
Required Safety Equipment
Minnesota law requires specific safety gear on every boat. Missing equipment can get you fined.
Life Jackets
Every person on board needs a U.S. Coast Guard approved life jacket. It must be the right size for them. It must be in good condition. It must be easily accessible.
Children under 10 must wear their life jackets when the boat is moving. Not just have one nearby. Actually wear it. This is the law.
The only exceptions are when kids are in an enclosed cabin. Or on a boat anchored for swimming. Or on a passenger vessel with a licensed captain.
Boats 16 feet or longer need an extra throwable flotation device. This is in addition to the wearable life jackets. Think of those square cushions or ring buoys.
Personal watercraft operators and passengers must always wear life jackets. No exceptions.
Other Required Equipment
Boats need a sound-producing device. A whistle or horn works. You use it to signal other boats.
Boats with enclosed engine compartments need a fire extinguisher. The extinguisher must be Coast Guard approved. It must be the right size for your boat.
Navigation lights are required for night operation. If you’re out between sunset and sunrise, you need working lights.
Boats must also have a carbon monoxide detector. This is Sophia’s Law. It applies to all recreational motorboats. Even sailboats with engines need them.
Visual distress signals are required on some waters. Lake Superior requires them. Some boundary waters too. Check local requirements before heading out.
Speed Limits and No-Wake Zones
Speed limits vary by location. Many lakes have local restrictions. These get posted with buoys and signs.
Slow-no-wake zones are everywhere though. You must operate at minimal speed to avoid creating a wake. Usually this means under 5 mph.
Personal watercraft must stay at least 150 feet from shore. This is a state law. It applies everywhere. Breaking this rule causes erosion and endangers swimmers.
Regular boats don’t have a required distance from shore. But staying 200 feet away is smart. It reduces the chance your wake damages shorelines or docks.
Sound complicated? It’s actually not.
Here’s the simple version. Slow down near shore, docks, swimmers, and other boats. Speed up in open water away from everything.
Wake Damage Rules
Your wake can get you in serious trouble. Minnesota law treats wake damage the same as collision damage.
If your wake damages a dock, you’re liable. If it swamps another boat, that’s on you. If it causes erosion, you could face charges.
Stay aware of what’s happening around you. Have someone watching behind the boat. Cross other wakes at low speed.
Large wakes from wake surfing boats need extra distance. These create artificially enhanced wakes. Stay far from shore when doing wake sports.
Special Watercraft Rules
Personal watercraft have extra restrictions. These are jet skis, wave runners, and similar craft.
You cannot operate a PWC before 9 a.m. in some areas. You also can’t use them after sunset anywhere. They’re day-use only.
PWCs must have an engine cut-off switch. The operator must attach it to their life jacket. If you fall off, the engine stops automatically.
You cannot jump the wake of another boat within 150 feet. Weaving through traffic is also illegal. These actions are dangerous and will get you ticketed.
How to Report Boat Accidents
If you’re in a boating accident, you must report it under certain conditions.
Report immediately if someone dies. Report if someone is injured and needs medical treatment. Report if someone disappears from the boat.
You must also report property damage over a certain amount. If the damage exceeds $2,000, file a report.
Contact the county sheriff where the accident happened. You can also contact the DNR. They’ll take your report and investigate if needed.
Fill out a written accident report within 48 hours. The DNR website has the form. Provide all details you remember.
Failing to report an accident is a separate offense. Don’t make that mistake.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need a boating license in Minnesota? You need a watercraft operator’s permit if you were born after certain dates. As of 2026, anyone born after June 30, 2000, needs one. The requirement expands each year until 2028.
How much does it cost to register a boat in Minnesota? Registration fees vary by boat length. Plus, starting in 2026, there’s an invasive species surcharge ranging from $25 to $62. Registrations last three years.
Can I drink alcohol on a boat in Minnesota? Yes, passengers can drink alcohol on boats. Open containers are legal. However, the boat operator cannot be impaired. Operating with a BAC of 0.08% or higher is illegal.
Do kids need to wear life jackets on boats? Yes, children under 10 must wear Coast Guard-approved life jackets when the boat is moving. The only exceptions are in enclosed cabins, on anchored boats for swimming, or on vessels with licensed captains.
What happens if I get a BWI in Minnesota? A first-time BWI is a misdemeanor with up to 90 days in jail and a $1,000 fine. You also lose your driver’s license for at least 90 days. Repeat offenses carry much harsher penalties, including possible felony charges.
Final Thoughts
Minnesota’s boat laws changed a lot in 2026. The new education requirements affect thousands of boaters. The registration fee increases hit everyone eventually.
But these changes make sense. More education means safer waters. The invasive species surcharge protects our lakes for future generations.
Take the online course if you need a permit. Pay attention to speed limits and wake zones. Wear your life jacket. Don’t drink and drive a boat.
Most importantly, respect other people on the water. Follow the rules, stay safe, and enjoy Minnesota’s beautiful lakes.
When in doubt about any law, check the DNR website. Or talk to a local law enforcement officer. Better to ask than to learn the hard way.
References
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources – New Boater Education Law (https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/safety/boatwater/boater-education-law.html)
- Minnesota Boating Guide 2026 (https://files.dnr.state.mn.us/rlp/regulations/boatwater/boatingguide.pdf)
- Minnesota DNR – Watercraft Licenses and Registration (https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/licenses/watercraft/index.html)
- Minnesota 2026 Watercraft Surcharge Fee Details (https://minnesotasnewcountry.com/new-laws-minnesota-2026/)
- Minnesota Child Life Jacket Wear Law (https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/safety/boatwater/pfd_childlaw.html)