Good Samaritan Laws in Minnesota (2026): Your Duty and Legal Shield
Most people have no idea they’re legally required to help someone in danger. Seriously. But in Minnesota, Good Samaritan laws work differently than in other states. They don’t just protect you when you help. They actually require you to help. Let’s break down exactly what you need to know.
Minnesota is one of only four states in the entire country that legally requires you to assist someone in an emergency. You can’t just walk away. And if you do help? The law protects you from getting sued. Pretty straightforward, right?
What Is Minnesota’s Good Samaritan Law?
Minnesota’s Good Samaritan law has two main parts. First, it requires you to provide reasonable assistance during emergencies. Second, it shields you from lawsuits if you help someone in good faith.
The law lives in Minnesota Statutes section 604A.01. It was created in 1994 and has been updated several times since. The most recent updates happened in 2024, expanding protections for drug overdose situations.
Hold on, this part is important. The law doesn’t force you to risk your own safety. You only have to help if you can do so without danger to yourself or others. That’s reasonable, honestly.
The Duty to Assist Rule
Here’s where Minnesota stands apart from most states. You’re legally required to help someone who faces grave physical harm. This applies if you’re at the scene of an emergency and you know someone needs help.
What counts as reasonable assistance? It can include calling 911. It can mean performing CPR. It might involve stopping bleeding until paramedics arrive. Basically, you need to do what you safely can.
Not sure what counts as an emergency? Think car accidents. Heart attacks. Someone choking at a restaurant. Severe injuries from falls. Drug overdoses. Any situation where someone faces serious harm or death.
You don’t need medical training to help. Sometimes the most helpful thing is just calling for professional help.
What Happens If You Don’t Help?
Okay, pause. Read this carefully. If you fail to provide reasonable assistance when you safely could, you’ve committed a petty misdemeanor in Minnesota.
A petty misdemeanor isn’t technically a crime. But you can still face consequences. The maximum fine is $300. You won’t go to jail for a petty misdemeanor. But it goes on your record.
This only applies if you can help safely. If helping would put you in danger, you’re not required to act. The law protects you from having to become a victim yourself.
Wondering if this applies to you? If you witness an emergency and you know someone needs help, yes. It applies to you.
Legal Protection When You Help
Now, here’s where it gets better. Minnesota’s Good Samaritan law protects you from lawsuits when you provide emergency help.
The protection covers you if you meet these conditions. You must act without expecting payment. You must provide care at the scene of an emergency. You can’t act in a willful, wanton, or reckless manner.
What does “reckless” mean here? Think of it like this. If you perform CPR incorrectly but you’re trying your best, you’re protected. If you do something obviously dangerous or stupid, you’re not protected.
The law assumes you’re acting in good faith. Unless you do something truly reckless, you won’t face a lawsuit for trying to help.
Where the Law Applies
The protection only works at the scene of an emergency. An emergency scene is any place outside of hospitals, clinics, or doctor’s offices.
This includes car crash sites. Public spaces like malls or parks. Someone’s home if they’re having a medical emergency. Basically anywhere except medical facilities.
If you’re at work and helping someone is part of your job, the protection doesn’t apply. For example, if you’re a nurse working at a hospital, different rules apply. But if that same nurse stops at a car accident on the way home? Full protection.
Steve’s Law and Drug Overdoses
Minnesota has special Good Samaritan protections for drug overdose situations. This law is called Steve’s Law, named after Steve Rummler who died from an overdose.
Here’s what Steve’s Law does. It protects people who call 911 during a drug overdose from certain criminal charges. This includes the person calling for help and the person overdosing.
Wait, it gets better. As of August 2024, the law expanded. Now it protects everyone who stays at the scene and cooperates with authorities.
The protection covers possession, sharing, or use of drugs connected to the overdose. You won’t be charged for having the drugs that caused the emergency. The goal is simple: save lives by removing the fear of arrest.
Sound complicated? It’s actually not. If someone is overdosing and you call 911, you’re protected. If you’re the one overdosing and someone calls for you, you’re protected too.
To get this protection, you must be the first to call for help. You have to stay at the scene. You must cooperate with police and medical personnel. The evidence against you must come from the overdose call itself.
CPR and AED Use
Minnesota protects anyone who uses CPR or an automated external defibrillator during an emergency. You don’t need certification to be protected.
All Minnesota schools must teach CPR and AED use to students in grades 7 through 12. This started in the 2014-2015 school year. The idea is that more people knowing CPR means more lives saved.
Using an AED is protected under both state law and federal law. The Cardiac Arrest Survival Act provides federal protection. Minnesota law adds extra protections on top of that.
Don’t worry, AEDs are designed to be simple. They give you voice instructions. They analyze the heart rhythm automatically. They only shock when needed. Honestly, they’re pretty hard to mess up.
When Protection Doesn’t Apply
The Good Samaritan law has limits. There are situations where you’re not protected from liability.
If you expect payment for helping, no protection. If you’re being paid to provide care as part of your regular job, no protection. If you act in a willful, wanton, or reckless manner, no protection.
What about medical professionals? If a doctor or nurse is off duty and stops to help, they’re protected just like anyone else. But if they’re on duty or expect payment, different rules apply.
Here’s an example. A paramedic stops at an accident while driving home from work. They help someone who’s injured. Full protection applies. That same paramedic responding to a 911 call during their shift? That’s their job, so normal workplace rules apply.
Special Situations
Some situations have unique rules under Minnesota’s Good Samaritan law.
Volunteer emergency responders get protection. This includes volunteer firefighters, volunteer police officers, volunteer ambulance attendants, and volunteer ski patrollers. Even though they might receive small payments or reimbursements, they’re still covered.
Food donation is also covered. People who donate food to nonprofits or distribute food to people in need are protected from liability. Unless they’re grossly negligent or reckless, they can’t be sued if someone gets sick.
Naloxone distribution has special protections too. Healthcare professionals can prescribe, dispense, or distribute naloxone without worrying about liability. This applies even when someone else uses the naloxone or when it’s used on someone other than the person it was prescribed to.
What About Medical Bills?
Okay, this one’s important. If you get injured while helping someone, you’re usually responsible for your own medical bills.
I looked this up recently. It surprised me. The law protects you from lawsuits, but it doesn’t cover your medical expenses if you get hurt while helping.
A Minnesota nurse once stopped to help at a car crash. She got injured during the rescue. Her hospital bill was $900. She had to pay it herself.
Many people think this gap in the law should be fixed. You’re doing the right thing by helping. Seems unfair to stick you with medical bills on top of that, right?
How to Help Safely
You’re not alone if you feel nervous about helping in an emergency. Most people do. Here’s how to help safely and stay protected.
First, assess the situation. Is it safe for you to help? Don’t put yourself in danger. Look for hazards like traffic, fire, or unstable structures.
Second, call 911 immediately if someone needs professional help. Even if you can provide first aid, call anyway. Trained medical personnel should get there as soon as possible.
Third, do what you can within your abilities. If you know CPR, use it. If you don’t, you can still comfort the person and keep them calm.
Fourth, stay with the person until help arrives if you can safely do so. Your presence can make a huge difference.
Stay with me here. You don’t need to be a hero. You just need to be reasonable. Do what you safely can. That’s all the law requires.
Recent Changes to the Law
Minnesota updates its Good Samaritan laws regularly. The most significant recent change came in August 2024.
Steve’s Law expanded to protect all bystanders at an overdose scene. Before this change, only the caller and the overdosing person had protection. Now everyone who stays and cooperates is protected.
This change is huge. It means friends who are present won’t face charges just for being there. The goal is to encourage more people to call for help without fear.
The law continues to evolve as lawmakers see what works and what doesn’t. Most changes focus on saving more lives while maintaining reasonable protections.
Common Misconceptions
Let me clear up some confusion about Minnesota’s Good Samaritan law.
Misconception one: You can be sued if CPR doesn’t work. False. As long as you act reasonably and in good faith, you’re protected even if the person dies.
Misconception two: You need CPR certification to help. False. The law protects anyone who helps, trained or not. Obviously, training helps you do it better, but it’s not required for legal protection.
Misconception three: The law only applies to medical emergencies. False. It applies to any situation where someone faces grave physical harm. This includes car accidents, drownings, fires, and more.
Misconception four: Medical professionals can’t be protected. False. Off-duty medical professionals get the same protection as anyone else when they help voluntarily without expecting payment.
Trust me, understanding these facts matters. Too many people don’t help because they’re scared of lawsuits. The law exists specifically to remove that fear.
Resources and Contact Information
If you want to learn CPR and AED use, several organizations offer classes. The American Red Cross and American Heart Association both provide training throughout Minnesota.
For free naloxone kits and training, contact the Steve Rummler HOPE Network. They have locations across the state where you can pick up kits. You can also request a kit by mail.
If you have legal questions about a specific situation, consult with a Minnesota attorney. They can give you guidance based on your unique circumstances.
The Minnesota Department of Health website has information about emergency preparedness. The Minnesota State Legislature website has the full text of all Good Samaritan laws.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I have to help if I see someone in danger?
Yes, if you can safely do so. Minnesota law requires you to provide reasonable assistance when someone faces grave physical harm. But you’re not required to put yourself in danger. Calling 911 counts as reasonable assistance.
Can I be sued for performing CPR incorrectly?
Not if you act in good faith and without reckless behavior. Minnesota’s Good Samaritan law protects you from lawsuits when you provide emergency care voluntarily. Even if CPR doesn’t work or you make mistakes, you’re protected as long as you’re trying to help.
What if the person refuses help?
You must respect a conscious adult’s decision to refuse help. Providing care against someone’s wishes could be considered battery. However, if the person is unconscious or unable to make decisions, implied consent applies. The law assumes they would want help if they could say so.
Am I protected if I call 911 for a drug overdose?
Yes. Steve’s Law protects you from drug possession charges related to the overdose. You must be the first to call, stay at the scene, and cooperate with authorities. The person overdosing is also protected, along with anyone else present who stays and cooperates.
Does the law cover me if I’m a healthcare professional helping off duty?
Yes. If you’re a doctor, nurse, paramedic, or other medical professional and you help someone while off duty without expecting payment, you get the same Good Samaritan protections as everyone else. Your professional status doesn’t change the protection as long as you’re acting as a volunteer.
Final Thoughts
Minnesota’s Good Samaritan law is actually pretty balanced. It encourages people to help during emergencies. It protects helpers from lawsuits. And it recognizes that you shouldn’t have to risk your own safety.
The duty to assist sets Minnesota apart from most states. You’re legally required to help if you can do so safely. But honestly, most people would help anyway. The law just makes it official.
Don’t let fear of lawsuits stop you from helping someone in need. The legal protection is strong. As long as you act reasonably and in good faith, you’re covered.
Now you know the basics. Stay informed, stay safe, and when in doubt, call 911. You might save a life.
References
- Minnesota Statutes Section 604A.01 – Good Samaritan Law – https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/604a.01
- Minnesota Department of Health – Steve’s Law Information – https://www.health.state.mn.us/
- Steve Rummler HOPE Network – Naloxone and Steve’s Law Resources – https://steverummlerhopenetwork.org/steveslaw/
- League of Minnesota Cities – Good Samaritan Law Overview – https://www.lmc.org/resources/providing-assistance-in-emergencies/
- Minnesota Statutes Section 609.02 – Criminal Code Definitions – https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/609.02